FruitTrop Magazine n°209
Mango close-up
- Publication date : 29/03/2013
- Price : Free
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The mango tree
- Published on 31/03/2013 - Published by Cirad
- FruiTrop n°209 , Page 48
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Mango, Mangifera indica, probably originated in a region on the frontier between India and Burma. Today, there are certainly more than a thousand different varieties around the world. Mango plays an important role as a foodstuff in many countries. Distinction was originally made between two main families of mango with clearly different features that came from two diversification zones—the Indian sub-region and tropical Asia. A great many of the commercial varieties grown today were bred in Florida at the beginning of the twentieth century from multiple crosses between parents from these two families. Exported fruit are generally from budded plants.
Requirements of mango
Mango is suited to a broad tropical climate range from humid to dry. It is found in regions with very different annual precipitation. In the tropics, the halting of vegetation caused by a dry or cool season lasting for a few weeks or months is a condition for good flowering intensity and hence high productivity. Production is often small and irregular in equatorial humid zones as a result of the absence of a halt to vegetation. The optimum temperature range for tree development and fruit growth is 24° to 30°C. Temperatures lower than 10°C can cause physiological damage. Water supply to the tree must be optimum throughout the fruit growth period and then during the growth of new shoots. Rainfall distribution over the year is more important than cumulated annual precipitation, especially for the production of high-quality fruits. The lower limit for precipitation for commercial mango growing seems to be 750 mm. Mango can grow in a very varied range of soil types if the underlying horizons are sufficiently loose and well-drained. However, the tree prefers deep, fairly light soils with average structure. It can suffer from shortage of water in sandy soil and produce small, insipid fruits. It is sensitive to salts in the soil and in irrigation water. Wind can cause damage of varying seriousness and cause imbalance in the water supply. Windbreaks should therefore be grown in windy areas before mango trees are planted.
Characteritics mango
mango descriptors
